Action extended

"Deine Noten gegen die Not": The campaign initiated by the Lucerne Festival and supported by Sonart - Musikschaffende Schweiz will be extended until September 11.

Everyone is invited to upload their videos to solidarityformusic.ch. Photo: Lucerne Festival

According to Lucerne Festival, the campaign has raised a six-figure sum since August 12. In order to raise money with the #SolidarityForMusic campaign (SMZ message from 13.8.) to raise even more money, it will be extended until September 11.
 

Violin concerto

Beethoven every Friday: to mark his 250th birthday, we take a look at one of his works every week. Today it's the Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in D major.

It was not only Bartók, Berg and Brahms who wrote their violin concertos for a specific soloist; Ludwig van Beethoven also had the artistry of an instrumentalist associated with him in mind when conceiving his work: Franz Clement (1780-1842), who was director of the orchestra at the Theater an der Wien from 1802 and was later appointed to the same position at the Estates Theatre in Prague by Carl Maria von Weber. Beethoven had already heard the young virtuoso in 1794 and made a note of his appreciation in his notebook: "Dear Clement! Continue along the path that you have trodden so beautifully, so splendidly. Nature and art are competing to make you one of the greatest artists. Follow both, and you must not fear to reach the great - great goal that is possible for the artist. Be happy, dear boy, and come back soon so that I can hear your lovely, wonderful playing again. Your friend L. v. Beethoven."

The idea for the Violin Concerto op. 61 - in the key of D major, characteristic of the instrument - probably goes back to a benefit concert organized on 7 April 1805, at which not only Beethoven's Eroica was performed in its entirety in public for the first time, but Clement also presented his own respectable violin concerto (also in D major). The close, friendly relationship between composer and performer is reflected in Beethoven's handwritten, witty dedication "Concerto par Clemenza pour Clement primo Violino e direttore al theatro a vienne" (Concerto out of generosity for Clement ...). In the printed edition, however, he dedicated the work to his friend and librettist Stephan von Breuning; the piano version is dedicated to his wife Julie, the daughter of Beethoven's doctor, who died at the age of just 18.

There are also considerable musical differences between the manuscript version and the later publisher's edition, particularly in the solo part: The piece was written down in great haste within a few weeks and played by Clement prima vista, so to speak. Only afterwards did Beethoven return to the solo part for a detailed reworking. However, the formal structure remained untouched, which, particularly in the first movement with its abundance of thematic figures, has an almost symphonic scale of 535 bars and thus goes beyond the contemporary framework. The introductory, throbbing timpani motif is particularly striking (it is heard more than 70 times in total), as is the main theme played by the woodwinds, which determines the character of the entire movement with its lyrical gesture. The Larghetto, conceived as a romance, is shorter, while Beethoven presents the finale as a rondo in a lively 6/8 time signature and to a certain extent evokes the expressive world of his Symphony No. 6 in F major, Op. 68, written only a little later. Pastoralanticipates.

Incidentally, the violin concerto by Franz Clement mentioned above was recently released on CD (Sony) in a new recording with Mirijam Contzen (violin) and the WDR Symphony Orchestra under Reinhard Goebel.


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New subsidy agreement with Tonhalle-Gesellschaft

The Zurich City Council proposes that the municipal council approve the subsidy agreement between the city and the newly founded Tonhalle-Gesellschaft Zürich AG for the time after the implementation of the capital increase.

Media orientation 2020/21 Tonhalle Orchestra Zurich season Photo: tgz/Matthias Lehmann

The financial situation of the Tonhalle-Gesellschaft Zürich requires a rapid and substantial improvement, according to the city's press release. The association has therefore decided to change the legal form of the Tonhalle-Gesellschaft Zürich from an association to a public limited company. This would enable an increase in capital to be made in order to provide the orchestra with a financially secure future. This step was also announced in the City of Zurich's 2020-2023 cultural vision, published in June 2019.

The change in the legal form of the Tonhalle-Gesellschaft Zürich has prompted the City of Zurich to undertake a complete revision of the subsidy agreement. The new subsidy agreement replaces the previous agreement between the City of Zurich and the Tonhalle-Gesellschaft Zürich association dated March 2, 1988. The central contents of the previous subsidy agreement - its purpose, the support of the Zurich Symphony Orchestra (Tonhalle-Orchester Zürich), and the annual subsidy contribution of CHF 19,781,648 (as of 2020) - remain the same in the new subsidy agreement. The new subsidy agreement has a coherent structure and system, takes into account the current priorities and requirements of the City of Zurich with regard to subsidies in the cultural sector and is adapted to the new legal form of the Tonhalle-Gesellschaft Zürich.

The City Council requests the Municipal Council to approve the new subsidy agreement between the City of Zurich and the newly founded Tonhalle-Gesellschaft Zürich AG for the time after the capital increase has been implemented. If the City Council agrees, the City of Zurich would like to acquire a stake in Tonhalle-Gesellschaft Zürich AG in order to continue its current membership of the association in its new organizational form and to underline its commitment to the symphony orchestra. The plan is to acquire 2,500 registered shares with a nominal value of CHF 100 each, i.e. a total of CHF 250,000.
 

Grand Prix Theater for Jossi Wieler

This year's Swiss Grand Prix Theater / Hans Reinhart Ring goes to opera and theater director Jossi Wieler. The other five theater prizes go to director Boris Nikitin, puppeteer Kathrin Bosshard, author and dramaturge Mats Staub, scenographer Sylvie Kleiber and Geneva's Théâtre du Loup.

Jossi Wieler. Photo: BAK/Gneborg

Jossi Wieler, born in Kreuzlingen in 1951, now lives in Berlin. He studied directing at Tel Aviv University, worked for many years as an acting director and has received numerous awards for his productions. Since 1994, he has also been directing music theater together with Sergio Morabito. At the Stuttgart State Opera, where Jossi Wieler was artistic director from 2011 to 2018, the directing duo created over 25 productions. At the end of February 2020, they staged Giacomo Meyerbeer's "Les Huguenots" at the Grand Théâtre de Genève.

The Swiss Grand Prix Theater / Hans Reinhart Ring continues the tradition of the most important Swiss theater prize awarded by the Swiss Society for Theater Culture (SGTK) since 1957 and honors a personality or institution of Swiss theater creation. The prize money amounts to CHF 100,000.

A bible for the Wagner Museum

A bible from 1870, signed by Richard Wagner himself, is presented to the Richard Wagner Museum in Lucerne.

Dedication by Richard Wagner in the Doré Bible (Image: zVg)

A Zurich gallery owner donated a Bible to the museum, which the atheist Wagner acquired in 1870 from "Franz Josef Schiffmann's Buchhandlung und Antiquariat in Luzern", as the cover reveals. Wagner had lived in Lucerne since 1866, in the Tribschen country house on the lake. His mistress Cosima von Bülow gave him his third illegitimate child in 1869. This son was to bear the name "Wagner". However, this was only possible through the marriage of his parents.

On August 25, 1870, 150 years ago, the wedding of Cosima and Richard Wagner took place in the reformed parish of St. Matthew's Church. Pastor Johann Heinrich Tschudi performed the marriage ceremony. Cosima had previously divorced her husband Hans von Bülow and, as a Catholic, had to convert to Protestantism. She took this upon herself for the sake of her son. Pastor Tschudi was cooperative and allowed the child to be baptized and registered on 4 September 1870, after a delay of over a year, and thus recognized as Wagner's son.
 

Davos Festival: Suitable for corona and keen to experiment

Marco Amherd is following in the footsteps of his predecessors with his first festival directorship in Davos.

The Colores Trio at the festival brunch at Schwarzsee in Davos Laret. Photo: Davos Festival/Yannick Andrea

Marco Amherd has just sat on the organ bench and performed Johann Sebastian Bach's Fugue in D major BWV 532/2 with virtuoso pedal use and great transparency at the lunchtime concert in St. Theodul Church. Now the new director of the Davos Festivals Time for an in-depth conversation. His performance as organist in a concert at the halfway point of the festival was the only one in which Amherd also made a musical appearance.

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Artistic Director Marco Amherd played Bach's works in the church of St. Theodul. Photo: Davos Festival / Yannick Andrea

Nevertheless, the 32-year-old from Valais is omnipresent at the festival, maintaining close contact with the artists, attending rehearsals and the wonderful festival hike to Davos Wiesen in hiking boots and shorts and personally announcing every concert. After conductor Graziella Contratto, clarinettist Reto Bieri and pianist Oliver Schnyder, who was only in charge of last year's festival edition, it is the intention of the Foundation Board that Marco Amherd should once again be the artistic director. What is special about Davos, however, is that the artistic director is hardly expected to make a musical appearance here. What is needed is his expertise in selecting musicians, his network and his practical know-how as an artist. What attracts organist and choir conductor Marco Amherd to his new job? "I like making programs. I want to weave a common thread and give the concerts an arc of suspense. I also think it's important to break with conventions and find new concert forms. A lot is possible at the Davos Festival. You can be experimental here, because it's okay for something to go wrong."

"From the senses"

The new artistic director was already confident in spring that the festival would be able to take place in compliance with the coronavirus. Instead of international stars performing standard works, each program is exclusive and produced locally. The fact that the ninety or so young musicians from fourteen countries, almost all of them under thirty, arrived safely in the town, which is 1500 meters above sea level, is thanks to the organizational talent of managing director Anne-Kathrin Topp. For many of them, this is their first performance since the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic.

"Von Sinnen" is the name of this year's beautifully ambiguous festival motto, which will be explored with relish in the individual concerts. In the church of St. Johann in Davos Platz, Bernd Franke's expressive composition On the Dignity of Man The young, expressive Sibja Saxophone Quartet and the exquisite Davos Festival Chamber Choir under the direction of Andreas Felber vividly demonstrate their experimental side. The four highly talented musicians show their experimental side in the world premiere of from the noise of their baritone saxophonist Joan Jordi Oliver in the Davos Wiesen church. The live noises and sounds are digitally processed and sent into the church, a little too sharp in the treble. The Swiss Colores Trio enchants not only the participants of the traditional brunch at Schwarzsee in Davos Laret, when Fabian Ziegler, Matthias Kessler and Luca Staffelbach play Astor Piazzolla's Libertango let it groove. With their own complex arrangements of Ravel's Le tombeau de Couperin and Saint-Saëns' Danse macabre the three young percussionists in the St. Johann church demonstrate great musicality in addition to their virtuoso skills. At the "Liebessinn" evening at the Hotel Schweizerhof, the Simply Quartet let Robert Schumann's A major String Quartet op. 41 No. 3 languish at the highest level, while actor Elias Reichert traces the demanding feelings in Robert's letters to Clara: "It has to be. Don't forget the yes."

Stories in special places

Marco Amherd wants to "tell stories" with his programs. The connection to literature is also important to him. The young musicians, all of whom Amherd has personally selected, are open to this. Reto Bieri had also already played with the festival motto in the individual concerts and composed special programs. The Very Young Artists course introduced by Oliver Schnyder was continued this year. Amherd does not have to reinvent the wheel in Davos. "I see myself in continuity with my predecessors," he says. Nevertheless, he has his own ideas. "I would like to place even more emphasis on vocal music. We also have Cardinal Complex, an early music formation at the festival - this area is also very important to me." Only when asked does he reveal that he has greatly improved the acoustics in the Hotel Schweizerhof with an electro-acoustic system from Müller BBM, which he controls himself on a tablet.

The Davos Festival is also a music festival of special places. The mountain railroad takes you up to 1861 meters to the Hotel Schatzalp. In front of the Art Nouveau façade in the early evening, a wind quintet put together for the festival plays Samuel Barber's three-part concert evening "Supersensual" with "culinary intermezzi" Summer Music to quiche and Prosecco before the audience moves into the feudal interior, fortified by Graubünden barley soup, in Marin Marais Le tableau de l'operation de la taille musically witness a gall bladder removal. Marco Amherd reads out the decisive steps of the operation in French (harpsichord: Matías Lanz). When the scalpel is used, the pain can be heard in the highest notes of the viola da gamba (Alex Jellici). Gradually, the sun goes down and it gets darker in the hall. The table lamps create a living room atmosphere. Anton Spronk models on the cello Al fresco by composer in residence Gerald Resch. And Amanda Taurina (oboe), Marie Boichard (bassoon) and Frederic Bager (piano) delight with a nimble, lively version of Francis Poulenc's trio. The grandiose musical finale is rounded off with a regional Röteli, the fine Grisons cherry liqueur. Afterwards, the Schatzalpbahn takes visitors back to the hotel late at night, musically fulfilled and culinary satisfied.

Bern's cultural strategy put to the test

The coronavirus pandemic is hitting the cultural sector and cultural professionals extremely hard, writes the City of Bern. The cultural strategy discussed in spring therefore needs to be reviewed and adapted to current needs.

Franziska Burkhardt, Head of Culture City of Bern. Photo: Caroline Marti

A participatory development process for the 2021-2024 package of measures began in August 2019. An initial draft was discussed publicly with stakeholders and interested parties at the 4th Bern Culture Forum in February 2020. Based on the feedback, the departments concerned planned to revise the package of measures and submit it to the municipal council for approval in summer 2020.

Just ten days after the cultural forum, the first cultural events had to be canceled due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the city writes. The lockdown followed shortly afterwards. It will probably not be possible to resume normal operations for some time yet. As a result, the situation for cultural professionals and cultural institutions is currently uncertain and difficult.

For this reason, the Executive Board has decided to review the 2021-2024 package of measures. Kultur Stadt Bern will hold talks with cultural professionals, event organizers and other stakeholder groups by the end of 2020.
 

Symphony No. 8

Beethoven every Friday: to mark his 250th birthday, we take a look at one of his works every week. Today it's the Symphony No. 8 in F major.

After Beethoven had completed work on three symphonies between 1806 and 1808, there was another comparable surge of symphonic works and sketches in 1812. Whether and in what way this was related to Napoleon's Russian campaign, which kept the whole of political Europe in suspense, cannot be conclusively clarified. Nevertheless, it is striking that - as with the Symphonies Nos. 5 and 6, which were composed at almost the same time - sharply contrasting aesthetic and musical ideas are in direct proximity to one another. At the end of May, Beethoven even noted in a letter to the publishers Breitkopf & Härtel that he "writing 3 new symphonies, one of which is already finished"and meant the Symphony No. 7 in A major op. 92, the Symphony No. 8 in F major op. 93, but probably also the very first sketches for the later Symphony No. 9 in D minor op. 125.

The 8th Symphony was first performed in public on February 27, 1814 in the Great Redoutensaal, barely three months after the spectacular premiere of the 7th Symphony, which "Connoisseurs and non-connoisseurs alike" and was celebrated almost triumphantly. However, unlike its sister work, the Eighth - completely unexpectedly for the tense auditorium - made a big impression. "no furore"how the General musical newspaper noted. Beethoven defiantly commented on this remark with "precisely because it is much better". This is how Carl Czerny handed it down. Nevertheless, Eduard Hanslick (Vienna's musical memory and conscience, as it were) reported decades later that until around 1850, the Pastoral (No. 6) was usually meant when people spoke of the F major Symphony - as if Beethoven had never written a second work in this key.

The Eighth Symphony was obviously misunderstood early on as a (too) lightly constructed counterpart to the Seventh, whereby the metronomically ticking second movement and the metrically shifted, old-fashioned Tempo di Menuetto were often interpreted as humorous; the first movement and the finale were strangely less impressive. In all the movements of the symphony, Beethoven is not so much concerned with striking musical humor as with playing with the listener's expectations, who is repeatedly misled or surprised in a highly witty manner: with sudden dynamic outbursts, shifts in accent or irregularities in the shaping of the periods. The symphony also manages without a slow introduction. With the first note, Beethoven immediately jumps into the Allegro vivace e con brio and into 3/4 time, which is unusual for a first movement ...

P.S. In the popular canon on the "love Mälzel" and its metronome (WoO 162) is a forgery planted by Anton Schindler.


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Lucerne Festival shows solidarity

Lucerne Festival launches a solidarity campaign in support of Swiss musicians. The public is invited to submit their own interpretations of Beethoven's Ode to Joy. Ambassadors include Cecilia Bartoli, Francine Jordi, Knackeboul, Patricia Kopatchinskaja and Erika Stucky.

Isabelle Briner, Luuk and Ronny Spiegel take part alongside many others. Picture: Lucerne Festival

With the #SolidarityForMusic campaign, Lucerne Festival, together with its main sponsors, is taking the initiative to draw attention to the plight of freelance musicians and to help.

The large-scale charity campaign will run for 16 days. Each participant can film themselves or others interpreting Beethoven's "Ode to Joy". This can involve singing, drumming, clapping or rapping. The video will then be uploaded to the campaign website, where you can already discover video statements and contributions from well-known Swiss musicians and musicians living in Switzerland.

If you don't want to make music, you can also simply donate money on the website. At the end of the project, all partner contributions and monetary donations collected via the campaign website will be sent to Sonart, the Swiss Association of Music Professionals.

More info: www.solidarityformusic.ch

Basel stands by the Academy of Music

At the beginning of January 2021, the contract between the Basel Music Academy and the Canton of Basel-Stadt will be renewed for a further four years. The state contribution will be increased by CHF 2.3 million.

Open Day 2019 at the Basel Music Academy. Photo: Eleni Kougionis

The state contribution of CHF 54.5 million for the years 2021 to 2024 is intended to ensure that the academy can continue and expand its services over the next four years. According to the Canton of Basel-Stadt, it is particularly important to respond to the rising number of children and pupils in the canton and the associated increase in demand for basic musical education.

The Musik-Akademie Basel operates the music school of the Musik-Akademie Basel as a foundation under private law. The School of Music, which is also located on the Musik-Akademie campus and includes the Classical Music, Jazz and Schola Cantorum Basiliensis institutes, is fully part of the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW) and is financed via the global contribution to the FHNW.

A quarter of a millennium of European music history

Schott Music celebrates its 250th birthday in 2020. The history of the company also reflects the development of music, culture and society during this period

Serenade courtyard of the parent company in Mainz. Pictures: schott music,SMPV

In 1770, the young engraver and clarinettist Bernhard Schott founded a publishing house in Mainz, where the company headquarters are still located today in a listed classicist building dating from 1792. The 19th century saw the first heyday of B. Schott's sons, when the 9th Symphony and the Missa solemnis important late works by Beethoven could be published. In the second half of the century, the collaboration with Richard Wagner was formative - and costly due to the enormous financial investment in his stage works Die Meistersinger, The Ring of the Nibelung and Parsifal.

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"The thicker the workers, the thinner the stretcher becomes."
Early caricature by Willy Strecker on Richard Wagner's immense advance payment and fee claims against Ludwig Strecker senior

Franz Schott, the grandson of the company founder, died in 1874. He bequeathed a share of the publishing house to Ludwig Strecker, who joined the company as a trainee and later took over the management. With Peter Hanser-Strecker as managing partner, Schott Music is still a family business today. It is one of the leading music and media publishers for classical and contemporary music and brings together more than twenty music publishers under its roof. Around 150 people are employed internationally in the editorial, production and distribution departments.

The program includes performance and teaching literature, Urtext editions, teaching methods, six specialist journals, choral music and jazz, study scores, complete editions, music books and CDs, supplemented by digital products such as music apps, e-books and e-scores. Schott also lends out performance material for almost 10,000 concert and stage works worldwide.

The publishing history in stages
Short texts, pictures and musical examples arranged around a timeline invite you on a journey through time, allowing you to follow the musical, cultural and social development of the publishing house over a quarter of a millennium.
www.250-joy-of-music.com

Rarities by subscription

The newly founded music publisher Aurio supplies musicians with works off the beaten track. The sheet music is available as a PDF or in print, individually or at regular intervals.

Photo: zVg,SMPV

The search for original repertoire is time-consuming. With his Aurio music publishing house, composer and pianist Sebastian Gabriel relieves musicians of this research and provides them with pieces in ready-to-play editions. The publishing house offers works by unknown composers and rarely performed pieces by well-known composers by subscription or individually. Carefully edited editions of sheet music are published four times a year, in fine print or digitally as PDFs and enriched with explanations and audio recordings for orientation. Each edition contains five to six works of varying degrees of difficulty, including chamber music with arranged parts.

The first editions from April 2020 offer musical discoveries for flute, piano and clarinet; editions for violin, cello and classical guitar will follow. The range is aimed at amateur musicians, music teachers, music students and professional musicians.

Renowned artists curate one work for each issue. For example, Yaara Tal recommends Fantesia a piano piece by Ferdinand Kauer, a little-known composer of the Viennese classical period, Michael Korstick rediscovers a work by Peter I. Tchaikovsky and flautist Kathrin Christians has selected pieces by Louise Farrenc, Carl Wilhelm August Blum and Claude Debussy for the edition for which she is responsible. The repertoire ranges from baroque to contemporary works, with some curators also presenting their own arrangements.

The editions are designed for practicing, teaching and performing. They are printed on a natural paper inspired by Japanese paper clothing. The special binding of the editions ensures that the sheet music remains open on the music stand. The digital edition comes as a PDF and can be accessed on all end devices. The editions are published in two languages, German and English, and can be subscribed to worldwide.

www.aurio-verlag.de
 

Cantonal Culture Prize for Niggi Messerli

Niggi Messerli, founder of Palazzo AG and director of Kunsthalle Palazzo, has been awarded the 2020 Culture Prize of the Canton of Basel-Landschaft, endowed with CHF 25,000.

Niggi Messerli at the award ceremony at Ebenrain Castle. Photo: zVg

Niggi Messerli has been the face of the Palazzo cultural center in Liestal since the very beginning, writes the canton. He is receiving the prize for his life's work. Forty years ago, he and three friends developed a concept for an autonomous, self-managed cultural venue and founded Kulturhaus Palazzo AG in the old post office building in Liestal.

When he and his companions opened "das Palazzo" in 1979, there was no boom in off-spaces. But there was an urge for self-managed space beyond institutional accreditation. This meant that alternative culture had arrived in the Basel region. Since then, the house has been inviting visitors to take a cultural detour at the interface between the Upper Basel region and the urban agglomeration.

At the same time as the 40th anniversary, there is a change of management and founder Niggi Messerli hands over his building to new hands, who will continue to develop it. Today, the Palazzo is home to an art gallery, the Sputnik cinema and a small theater; it also houses a bookshop, an Indian restaurant, advice centers, studios and a small mosque.
 

Death of hurdy-gurdy pioneer René Zosso

The Geneva hurdy-gurdy player René Zosso, who explored the possibilities of the instrument with Pierre Schaeffer as well as with Jordi Savall and René Clemencic, has died at the age of 85.

Photo: Manuel Braun (detail, link see below)

Born in Geneva in 1935, René Zosso is considered a pioneer in the rediscovery of the hurdy-gurdy. He gave his first concerts with the instrument in 1962 and was less interested in the hurdy-gurdy's original repertoire than in its general tonal possibilities. In the 1960s and 1970s, he therefore worked with the founder of musique concrète, Pierre Schaeffer, as well as with medieval ensembles. 

He collaborated with the Austrian René Clemencic, another specialist in medieval music. He enriched his research into early music thanks to his knowledge of the prosody of French, Latin and old Mediterranean dialects. Around the turn of the millennium, he also participated in numerous projects by Jordi Savall.

 

Sonatina for mandolin and piano

Beethoven every Friday: to mark his 250th birthday, we take a look at one of his works every week. Today it's the Sonatina for mandolin and piano in C minor.

"Deh vieni alla finestra" (Feinsliebchen, come to the window). With these words from Mozart's Don Giovanni the mandolin still comes into play on the opera stage today and reveals something about its origins in Italian folk music. But it was not only this wonderful canzonetta that contributed to its spread. Around the turn of the 19th century, the Neapolitan mandolin tuned in fifths was just as popular in Paris as it was in Vienna or Prague. Johann Nepomuk Hummel, for example, wrote several full-fledged compositions, and in 1798 the instrument can be found in Leopold Kozeluch's curiously scored Sinfonia concertante for piano, mandolin, trumpet, double bass and orchestra. Beethoven's œuvre also features four short movements, including two "sonatinas", as he called them, although each of these is only a single movement.

These petitessen, probably the most balanced in sound to be accompanied on a fortepiano, were composed during Beethoven's stay in Prague between February and April 1796 as a commission or favor for Countess Josephine von Clary-Aldringen. However, all four individual pieces (a possible fifth is lost) fell into oblivion just as quickly as the mandolin itself - at least in music for the concert hall or salon. It was not until the 1920s that the instrument flourished again. Incidentally, it was also used by Arnold Schönberg, both in the dodecaphonic Serenade op. 24 (1920/24) as well as in the arrangement of Luigi Denza's Funiculi, funicula (1921). Beethoven's pieces first appeared in print between 1880 and 1940.

A look at the autograph of the Adagio in C minor WoO 43a, known as the "Sonatina", proves that Beethoven obviously had to take limited technical skills into consideration. It is now kept in the British Library and is bound into the so-called Kafka sketchbook: as the crossed-out 16th-note runs in the mandolin part show, the A section of the piece was not originally intended to be repeated verbatim, but varied in a more sophisticated way.


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